00314nas a2200109 4500008004100000245003500041210003100076300001200107490000700119100001900126856005900145 1979 eng d00aThe scales of salticid spiders0 ascales of salticid spiders a193-2180 v651 aHill, David, E uhttps://arachnids.myspecies.info/node/8995?language=es00522nas a2200109 4500008004100000245019300041210006900234300001200303490000700315100003100322856005900353 2007 eng d00aSystematics of the spider genus Metabus O. P.-Cambridge, 1899 (Araneoidea: Tetragnathidae) with additions to the tetragnathid fauna of Chile and comments on the phylogeny of Tetragnathidae0 aSystematics of the spider genus Metabus O PCambridge 1899 Araneo a285-3350 v151 aÁlvarez-Padilla, Fernando uhttps://arachnids.myspecies.info/node/8928?language=es00410nas a2200109 4500008004100000245009100041210006900132300001000201490000800211100002200219856005900241 2007 eng d00aReview of erigonine spider genera in the Neotropics (Araneae: Linyphiidae, Erigoninae)0 aReview of erigonine spider genera in the Neotropics Araneae Liny a1-2630 v1491 aMiller, Jeremy, A uhttps://arachnids.myspecies.info/node/8910?language=es00370nas a2200109 4500008004100000245005900041210005700100300001200157490000800169100002400177856005900201 1991 eng d00aFurther linyphiid spiders (Araneae) from South America0 aFurther linyphiid spiders Araneae from South America ap.1-2630 v1491 aMillidge, Alfred, F uhttps://arachnids.myspecies.info/node/8909?language=es00458nas a2200109 4500008004100000245013900041210006900180300001200249490000800261100002000269856005900289 2006 eng d00aA revision of the New World eximius lineage of Anelosimus (Araneae, Theridiidae) and a phylogenetic analysis using worldwide exemplars0 arevision of the New World eximius lineage of Anelosimus Araneae  a453-5930 v1461 aAgnarsson, Ingi uhttps://arachnids.myspecies.info/node/8852?language=es00550nas a2200121 4500008004100000245020000041210006900241300001200310490000800322100001800330700002100348856005900369 2015 eng d00aOut of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea)0 aOut of the twilight zone phylogeny and evolutionary morphology o a527-7860 v1731 aLopardo, Lara1 aHormiga, Gustavo uhttps://arachnids.myspecies.info/node/8834?language=es00511nas a2200121 4500008004100000245015300041210006900194300001200263490000800275100002600283700002100309856005900330 2021 eng d00aSystematics of the Neotropical spider genera Jalapyphantes and Selenyphantes and the circumscription of the Pocobletus clade (Araneae: Linyphiidae).0 aSystematics of the Neotropical spider genera Jalapyphantes and S a896-9570 v1921 aSilva-Moreira, Thiago1 aHormiga, Gustavo uhttps://arachnids.myspecies.info/node/8808?language=es00426nas a2200121 4500008004100000245007900041210006900120300001200189490000800201100001600209700002000225856005900245 1997 eng d00aSystematics of the spider genera Mallos and Mexitlia (Araneae, Dictynidae)0 aSystematics of the spider genera Mallos and Mexitlia Araneae Dic a389-4450 v1191 aBond, Jason1 aOpell, Brent, D uhttps://arachnids.myspecies.info/node/8712?language=es01336nas a2200133 4500008004100000245011200041210006900153300001200222490000800234520084900242100003101091700002101122856005901143 2011 eng d00aMorphological and phylogenetic atlas of the orb-weaving spider family Tetragnathidae (Araneae: Araneoidea).0 aMorphological and phylogenetic atlas of the orbweaving spider fa a713-8790 v1623 a

The present atlas documents the morphology of representative species of 22 tetragnathid genera, with emphasis on nontetragnathines. It includes approximately 960 scanning electron micrographs, morphological drawings and web photographs. The 213 characters used in the phylogenetic analyses are described and illustrated. We discuss the optimal cladograms obtained by the analysis of the morphological and behavioural data, and compare our results to a recent hypothesis of tetragnathid phylogenetic relationships that combined similar data with multigene DNA sequences. Based on the cladistic hypothesis that results from the total evidence analysis, we study the evolution of six morphological character systems within Tetragnathidae: spinneret spigots, respiratory structures, trichobothria, chelicerae, and male and female genitalia

1 aÁlvarez-Padilla, Fernando1 aHormiga, Gustavo uhttps://arachnids.myspecies.info/node/8476?language=es02418nas a2200145 4500008004100000245016500041210006900206300001400275490000800289520184200297100002702139700002102166700002602187856005902213 2016 eng d00aWhen troglomorphism dupes taxonomists: morphology and molecules reveal the first pyramidopid harvestman (Arachnida, Opiliones, Pyramidopidae) from the New World0 aWhen troglomorphism dupes taxonomists morphology and molecules r a602–6200 v1773 a

Cavernicolous species that exhibit a high degree of troglomorphism often provide some of the most intriguing evolutionary riddles. For such taxa, the correct systematic arrangement is difficult to determine and becomes problematic when based solely on highly convergent external morphological characters, leading to exaggerated support of spurious relationships. For the arachnid order Opiliones, examination of male genitalia morphology often aids in determining the family to which a particular taxon belongs. However, many taxa described prior to the 1990s lack detailed descriptions or drawings of this important character and, for highly-derived species, it is may still be necessary to seek support from additional sources of characters (e.g. molecular data) to accurately assess systematic placement. The enigmatic species Stygnomma pecki Goodnight & Goodnight, 1977 from a cave in Belize proved to be especially difficult to place based on morphological characters alone. Thus, using a previously published dataset for laniatorean harvestmen, we carried out a robust phylogenetic analysis aiming to determine the evolutionary relationship of this Neotropical troglomophic species. Informed by the results of the molecular phylogenetic analysis of 88 terminals representing Laniatores, we describe Jarmilana gen. nov. and provide a redescription of the type species Jarmilana pecki (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1977) comb. nov. Morphological evidence, including male genitalia morphology, supports the inclusion of J. pecki in the family Pyramidopidae. This represents the first record for the family Pyramidopidae in the New World, raising the question of whether this represents transoceanic dispersal or a relict of an ancient widespread tropical Gondwanan distribution.

1 aCruz-López, Jesús, A1 aProud, Daniel, N1 aPérez-Gonzales, Abel uhttps://arachnids.myspecies.info/node/8437?language=es00524nas a2200109 4500008004100000245019100041210006900232300001300301490000800314100003300322856005900355 2015 eng d00aPhylogeny of the spider genus Ixchela Huber, 2000 (Araneae: Pholcidae) based on morphological and molecular evidence (CO1 and 16S), with a hypothesized diversification in the Pleistocene0 aPhylogeny of the spider genus Ixchela Huber 2000 Araneae Pholcid ain press0 v1751 aValdez-Mondragón, Alejandro uhttps://arachnids.myspecies.info/node/8352?language=es02449nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245009200055210006900147260002900216300001400245490000800259520169700267653001501964653001501979653001901994653001202013653001402025653001802039653001902057653001302076100002102089700002802110856005702138 1997 eng d a1096-364200aA phylogenetic analysis of the orb-weaving spider family Araneidae (Arachnida, Araneae)0 aphylogenetic analysis of the orbweaving spider family Araneidae  bBlackwell Publishing Ltd a355–4340 v1203 a

We present the first cladistic analysis focused at the tribal and subfamily level of the orb-weaving spider family Araneidae. The data matrix of 82 characters scored for 57 arancid genera of 6 subfamilies and 19 tribes (and 13 genera from 8 outgroup families) resulted in 16 slightly different, most parsimonious trees. Successive weighting corroborated 62 of the 66 informative nodes on these cladograms; one is recommended as the ‘working’ araneid phylogcny. The sister group of Araneidae is all other Araneoidea. Araneidae comprises two major clades: the subfamily Araneinae, and the ‘argiopoid’ clade, which includes all other subfamilies and most tribes (((Gasteracanthinae, Caerostreae), (((Micratheninae, Xylcthreae), Eruyosaccus), (Eurycorminae, Arciinae)), Cyrlarachninae), ((Argiopinae, Cyrtophorinae), Arachnureae)). Cyrtarachneae and Mastophoreae are united in a new subfamily, Cyr-tarachninae. The spiny orb-weavers alone (Gasteracanthinae and Micratheninae) are not monophyletic. The mimetid subfamily Arciinae and the ‘tetragnathid’ genus Zygiella are araneids, but .Nephila (and other tetragnathids) are not. On the preferred tree, web decorations (stabilimenta) evolved 9 times within 15 genera, and were lost once. The use of silk to subdue prey evolved once in cribellate and four times in ecribillate orb weavers. Sexual size dimorphism evolved once in nephilines, twice in araneids, and reverted to monomorphism five times. Evolution in other genitalic and somatic characters is also assessed; behavioral and spinneret features arc most consistent (male genitalia, leg and prosomal features least consistent) on the phylogeny.

10acladistics10adimorphism10amale genitalia10amethods10aMimetidae10astabilimentum10aTctragnathidae10aZygiella1 aScharff, Nicolaj1 aCoddington, Jonathan, A uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1997.tb01281.x01976nas a2200133 4500008004100000245010400041210006900145300001200214490000800226520150400234100002101738700002601759856005701785 2014 eng d00aPhylogenetic analysis of the tropical wolf spider subfamily Cteninae (Arachnida, Araneae, Ctenidae)0 aPhylogenetic analysis of the tropical wolf spider subfamily Cten a333-3610 v1703 a

A cladistic analysis based on parsimony was performed to test the monophyly of Cteninae. The data matrix comprises 72 terminal taxa scored for 88 characters from external morphology, female internal genitalia, and two behavioural characters. Cteninae, as currently delimited, is polyphyletic. The monoplyly of Cteninae requires the transfer of two Ctenus species to Enoploctenus (Acantheinae) and two Ctenus species to Asthenoctenus (Viridasiinae). Ctenus, the genus type, comprises approximately half of the described species of the family, and is polyphyletic as currently delimited. From the 32 Ctenus species added to this analysis, only 13 are recognized as Ctenus s.s.: (C. rectipes (C. pauloterrai (C. manauara, C. nigritus ((C. dubius, C. crulsi) ((C. amphora, C. minor) (C. medius, C. paubrasil (C. fernandae (C. ornatus, C. vehemens)))))))). The results suggest that at least eight new genera should be described to accommodate species misplaced in Ctenus. The result also refutes the monophyly of Amauropelma Raven, Stumkat & Gray, 2001, Celaetycheus Simon, 1897, Leptoctenus L. Koch, 1878, and Thoriosa Simon, 1910. The following taxonomic changes are proposed: Ctenus inazensis Strand, 1909 and Ctenus miserabilis Strand, 1916 are transferred to Enoploctenus; Ctenus tarsalis F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902 and Ctenus bulimus Strand, 1909 are transferred to Asthenoctenus Simon, 1897; Celaetycheus modestus Bryant, 1942 is transferred to Ohvida Polotow & Brescovit, 2009.

1 aPolotow, Daniele1 aBrescovit, Antonio, D uhttps://arachnids.myspecies.info/node/13?language=es