01643nas a2200157 4500008004100000245014800041210006900189300001000258490000700268520106800275100002301343700003001366700002501396700001701421856004701438 2018 eng d00aWhen a little is enough: cocoon web of Kapogea cyrtophoroides (Araneae: Araneidae) induced by Hymenoepimecis heidyae (Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae)0 aWhen a little is enough cocoon web of Kapogea cyrtophoroides Ara a30-350 v553 a

The final instar larvae of the koinobiont ectoparasitoids in the Polysphincta group of genera induce their host spiders to construct webs that protect the wasp pupa during its development. It has been hypothesized that changes in structure and design in the cocoon web correlate with the duration and characteristics of the normal web. Kapogea cyrtophoroides (Araneidae) construct long-lived, strong normal webs; the cocoon web induced by Hymenoepimecis heidyae (Ichneumonidae) is nearly identical to the normal web, providing support for the hypothesis. The larva constructs its cocoon in the centre of the host’s dense web, connecting it to the spider web and following the same behavioural pattern of construction described for other wasp species in the same group. The behaviour induced in the spider as well as the cocoon construction is very stereotypic, and consistent with other species, but modifications in the cocoon web seem to be strongly determined by the characteristics and design of the spiders’ normal web.

1 aBarrantes, Gilbert1 aSegura-Hernández, Laura1 aSolano-Brenes, Diego1 aHanson, Paul uhttps://arachnids.myspecies.info/node/865200507nas a2200121 4500008004100000245016300041210006900204300001000273490000700283100002300290700002500313856004700338 2013 eng d00aCourtship, egg sac construction, and maternal care in Kukulcania hibernalis, with information on the courtship of Misionella mendensis (Araneae, Filistatidae)0 aCourtship egg sac construction and maternal care in Kukulcania h a72-800 v161 aBarrantes, Gilbert1 aRamírez, Martín, J uhttps://arachnids.myspecies.info/node/852400388nas a2200121 4500008004100000245005600041210005100097300001600148490000700164100002300171700002500194856004700219 2007 eng d00aThe evolution of prey-wrapping behaviour in spiders0 aevolution of preywrapping behaviour in spiders a1631–16580 v411 aBarrantes, Gilbert1 aEberhard, William, G uhttps://arachnids.myspecies.info/node/852302668nas a2200181 4500008004100000245010600041210006900147300001000216490000700226520204700233653002102280653002202301653002202323100002302345700002102368700002502389856007202414 2013 eng d00aFunctional aspects of genital differences in Leucauge argyra and L. mariana (Araneae: Tetragnathidae)0 aFunctional aspects of genital differences in Leucauge argyra and a59-690 v413 aMorphological studies have documented the tendency for male genitalia to diverge rapidly compared to other body parts in many animal groups, including spiders. But documentation of how differences in genital structures of closely related species correlate with differences in the behavior of their genitalia during copulation is rare. This study describes how the genitalia of the spider Leucauge argyra (Walckenaer 1841), a species in which both male and female have unusual derived structures, are used during copulation and compares their sexual behavior with previous descriptions of genital behavior in the congener L. mariana (Taczanowski 1881) and the genital morphology of other Leucauge species. Males of L. argyra have two prominent derived genital structures, both of which interact directly with the female; one of them apparently locks against a modified female structure, while the other is inserted into the female atrium. On the other hand, the most prominent derived female structure does not lock against or receive any male structure and may serve to sense movements of the male palp, perhaps to trigger deposition of a strong copulatory plug by the female. The female atrium is unusual in that it receives insertions of both the male’s conductor and his cymbial hook. Both derived male structures of L. argyra may have evolved to stabilize the male’s genitalia during intromission, perhaps in response to violent and dangerous female resistance or to perforate the strong plug that is probably produced or at least moved into place by the female. The rotating and projecting movements executed by male genitalia in L. argyra, which as in other spiders are presumably produced by the hydraulic unfolding of complex membranes in the palp, are quite different from the movements of the male genitalia of L. mariana. We speculate that in spiders in general, changes in palpal sclerites are often accompanied by changes in the movements of the sclerites, and thus by changes in the unstudied internal membranes of the palp.10aCopulatory plugs10agenital evolution10agenital movements1 aBarrantes, Gilbert1 aAisenberg, Anita1 aEberhard, William, G uhttp://www.americanarachnology.org/JoA_tocs/JOA_contents_v41n1.html