03563nas a2200205   4500008004100000245012300041210006900164300001200233490000700245520287200252653001503124653002003139653001103159653002603170100002403196700002103220700002703241700002703268856006203295       1988                        eng d00aSpiders of the genus Cupiennius Simon 1891 (Araneae, Ctenidae). II. On the vibratory environment of a wandering spider0 aSpiders of the genus Cupiennius Simon 1891 Araneae Ctenidae II O  a194-2010 v773 aCupiennius salei (Ctenidae) is a tropical wandering spider which lives in close association with a particular type of plant (see companion paper). These plants are the channels through which the spiders receive and emit various types of vibrations. We measured the vibrations the spiders are typically exposed to when they sit on their dwelling plants (banana plant, bromeliad) in their natural biotope in Central America. In addition a laboratory analysis was carried out to get an approximate idea of the complex vibration-propagating properties of the dwelling plants, taking a banana plant as an example. (1) Types of vibrations (Figs. 1 4). Despite variability in detail there are characteristic differences in spectral composition between the vibrations of various abiotic and biotic origins: (a) Vibrations due to wind are very low frequency phenomena. Their frequency spectra are conspicuously narrow with prominent peaks close to or, more often, below 10 Hz. Vibrations due to raindrops show maximal acceleration values at ca. 1000 Hz. Their frequency band at - 2 0 dB extends up to ca. 250 Hz whereas that of the vibrations due to wind extends to only ca. 50 Hz. (b)The frequency spectra of prey vibrations such as those generated by a running cockroach are typically broad-banded and contain high frequencies; they have largest peaks mostly between ca. 400 and 900 Hz. Their - 2 0 dB frequency bands usually extend from a few Hz to ca. 900 Hz. Some potential prey animals such as grasshoppers seem to be vibrocryptic; they walk by the spider as if unnoticed. Their "cautious" gait leads to only weak vibrations at very low frequencies resembling the background noise due to wind. Courtship signals are composed mainly of low frequencies, intermediate between background noise and prey vibrations (male: prominent peaks at ca. 75 Hz and ca. 115 Hz; female: dominant frequencies between ca. 20 Hz and ca. 50 Hz). The male signal is composed of "syllables" and differs from all other vibrations studied here by being temporally highly ordered. A comparison with previous electrophysiological studies suggests that the high pass characteristics of the vibration receptors enhance the signal-to-(abiotic)-noise ratio and that the vibraion-sensitive interneurons so far examined and found to have band pass characteristics are tuned to the frequencies found in the vibrations of biotic origin. (2) Signal propagation (Fig. 5). In terms of frequency-dependent attenuation of vibrations the banana plant is well suited for transmitting the above signals. Average attenuation values are ca. 0.35 dB/cm. Together with known data on vibration receptor sensitivity this explains the range of courtship signals of more than 1 m observed in behavioral studies. Attenuation in the plant is neither a monotonic function of frequency nor of distance from the signal source.10aCupiennius10asensory ecology10aSpider10aVibratory environment1 aBarth, Friedrich, G1 aBleckmann, Horst1 aBohnenberger, Johannes1 aSeyfarth, Ernst-August  uhttp://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2FBF0037918602174nas a2200217   4500008004100000245015300041210006900194300001200263490000700275520144800282653001301730653001501743653001201758653002301770653001101793100002401804700002701828700002101855700002201876856005801898       1988                        eng d00aSpiders of the genus Cupiennius Simon 1891 (Araneae, Ctenidae). I. Range distribution, dwelling plants, and climatic characteristics of the habitats0 aSpiders of the genus Cupiennius Simon 1891 Araneae Ctenidae I Ra  a187-1930 v773 aCupiennius is a genus of hunting spiders with seven established species. One of these (C. salei) has been used in laboratory research for many years. Here we report on the geographic distribution of the genus and some char- acteristics of its habitat. (1) The genus is Central American. Its range is from the state of Veracruz in Mexico in the north to Panama in the south. Five of the seven species are known to occur in the Canal Area, Panama. Sympatry is best documented for C. getazi and C. coccineus and is likely to occur in other species. (2) All known species of Cupiennius are closely associated with particular plants on which they hide during the day and prey, court, and moult at night. The most typical dwelling plant such as a bromeliad or a banana plant is a monocotyledon with mechanically strong and unbranched leaves that provide retreats at their bases. On plants not providing "ready-made" shelters, such as ginger or members of the Araceae, several species of Cupiennius have been observed to build retreats. (3) Average monthly rainfall and temperature data are given for six locations where we have recently observed C. coccineus, C. getazi, C. panamensis, and C. salei. According to measurements taken in the field the microclimate within a typical retreat differs considerably from the external environment: during the day the retreat space shows lower average water evaporation rates and higher relative air humidity.10aCtenidae10aCupiennius10aHabitat10aRange distribution10aSpider1 aBarth, Friedrich, G1 aSeyfarth, Ernst-August1 aBleckmann, Horst1 aSchüch, Wolfgang  uhttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF0037918500670nas a2200205   4500008004100000245015400041210006900195300000900264490000700273653001200280653001600292653001300308653001800321653001300339653001500352653001100367653001300378100001900391856005400410       2012                        eng d00aNotes on the jumping spiders Thiodina puerpera (Hentz 1846) and Thiodina sylvana (Hentz 1846) in the southeastern United States (Araneae: Salticidae)0 aNotes on the jumping spiders Thiodina puerpera Hentz 1846 and Th  a1-630 v9910aAraneae10aaraneophagy10abulbosae10abulbous setae10asalticid10aSalticidae10aSpider10aThiodina1 aHill, David, E  uhttp://peckhamia.com/peckhamia/PECKHAMIA_99.1.pdf00749nas a2200181   4500008004100000245012500041210006900166300001000235490000800245520015700253653001100410653001600421653001100437653001400448100001600462700002200478856006700500       2013                        eng d00aA new species of Tarsonops (Araneae, Caponiidae) from southern Belize, with a key to the genera of the subfamily Nopinae0 anew species of Tarsonops Araneae Caponiidae from southern Belize  a57-640 v2893 aA new species of Caponiidae, Tarsonops irataylori sp. n. is described from southern Belize, and a key to the genera of the subfamily Nopinae is provided10aBelize10anew species10aSpider10aTarsonops1 aBond, Jason1 aTaylor, Steven, J  uhttp://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/4493/abstract/