02406nas a2200145 4500008004100000245016500041210006900206300001400275490000800289520184200297100002702139700002102166700002602187856004702213 2016 eng d00aWhen troglomorphism dupes taxonomists: morphology and molecules reveal the first pyramidopid harvestman (Arachnida, Opiliones, Pyramidopidae) from the New World0 aWhen troglomorphism dupes taxonomists morphology and molecules r a602–6200 v1773 a

Cavernicolous species that exhibit a high degree of troglomorphism often provide some of the most intriguing evolutionary riddles. For such taxa, the correct systematic arrangement is difficult to determine and becomes problematic when based solely on highly convergent external morphological characters, leading to exaggerated support of spurious relationships. For the arachnid order Opiliones, examination of male genitalia morphology often aids in determining the family to which a particular taxon belongs. However, many taxa described prior to the 1990s lack detailed descriptions or drawings of this important character and, for highly-derived species, it is may still be necessary to seek support from additional sources of characters (e.g. molecular data) to accurately assess systematic placement. The enigmatic species Stygnomma pecki Goodnight & Goodnight, 1977 from a cave in Belize proved to be especially difficult to place based on morphological characters alone. Thus, using a previously published dataset for laniatorean harvestmen, we carried out a robust phylogenetic analysis aiming to determine the evolutionary relationship of this Neotropical troglomophic species. Informed by the results of the molecular phylogenetic analysis of 88 terminals representing Laniatores, we describe Jarmilana gen. nov. and provide a redescription of the type species Jarmilana pecki (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1977) comb. nov. Morphological evidence, including male genitalia morphology, supports the inclusion of J. pecki in the family Pyramidopidae. This represents the first record for the family Pyramidopidae in the New World, raising the question of whether this represents transoceanic dispersal or a relict of an ancient widespread tropical Gondwanan distribution.

1 aCruz-López, Jesús, A1 aProud, Daniel, N1 aPérez-Gonzales, Abel uhttps://arachnids.myspecies.info/node/843701862nas a2200193 4500008004100000245013400041210006900175300001100244490000700255520123400262653002001496653001501516653001501531653001301546100002401559700001901583700002101602856004501623 2011 eng d00aTwo new species of Manaosbiidae (Opiliones: Laniatores) from Panama, with comments on interspecific variation in penis morphology0 aTwo new species of Manaosbiidae Opiliones Laniatores from Panama a92-1010 v393 a

In Central America, the family Manaosbiidae is recorded only from Panama and Costa Rica. Four species occur in this region: Barrona williamsi Goodnight & Goodnight 1942, Bugabitia triacantha Roewer 1915, Poassa limbata Roewer 1943, and Zygopachylus albomarginis Chamberlin 1925. In this paper, we describe Barrona felgenhaueri new species (Coclé Province, Panama) and Bugabitia akini new species (Coclé Province, Panama) and report a new record for B. williamsi (Coclé Province, Panama). We used SEM to examine the penis morphology of Barrona Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 and the Caribbean species Cranellus montgomeryi Goodnight & Goodnight 1947 and Rhopalocranaus albilineatus Roewer 1932. We compared genital morphology of these species with published descriptions for Manaosbiidae from South America. With respect to genital morphology, we found that the most variable characters were the number and relative sizes of the setae that occur on the lateral margins of the ventral plate. Other features that exhibited interspecific variation included the shape of the ventral plate, the shape of the distal border of the ventral plate, and the shape and armature of the apex of the stylus.

10aCentral America10amorphology10aNeotropics10ataxonomy1 aTownsend, Victor, R1 aMilne, Marc, A1 aProud, Daniel, N uhttps://arachnids.myspecies.info/node/5201446nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245012300055210006900178260001200247300000900259490000900268520067800277653001400955653002000969653001500989653001501004653001401019653001801033100002401051700002001075700001801095700002101113856005801134 2010 eng d a1175-533400aKey to the Cosmetidae (Arachnida, Opiliones) of Central America, with notes on penis morphology and sexual dimorphisms0 aKey to the Cosmetidae Arachnida Opiliones of Central America wit c09/2010 a1-260 v24143 a

To facilitate identification of harvestmen of the family Cosmetidae in Central America, we developed dichotomous keys that distinguish the 33 known genera and the 133 described species for this region. Couplets are based upon characters found in the literature and examinations of museum specimens. Important characters include the number of tarsomeres on leg I, armature of the dorsal scutum, free tergites and legs, as well as the coloration and relative length of the body and legs. In addition, we provide a summary of sexually dimorphic features and comment on the potential usefulness of penis morphology and coloration as characters for distinguishing taxa.

10aArachnida10aCentral America10aCosmetidae10aLaniatores10aOpiliones10ataxonomic key1 aTownsend, Victor, R1 aVíquez, Carlos1 aVanZandt, P.A1 aProud, Daniel, N uhttp://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2010/f/z02414p026f.pdf