02677nas a2200181 4500008004100000245011400041210006900155300001400224490000700238520205900245653001502304653002002319653001602339653001302355653002202368100002502390856008002415 2006 eng d00aA new species of Cupiennius (Araneae, Ctenidae) coexisting with Cupiennius salei in a Mexican mangrove forest0 anew species of Cupiennius Araneae Ctenidae coexisting with Cupie a135–1410 v343 a

The new species Cupiennius chapanensis is described from a mangrove forest in the coastal regions of Chiapas, México. The most noticeable characteristic of the species is the bright red coloration of the chelicerae, given by a covering of long setae on the anterior surface; because of this coloration, it has been previously confused with Phoneutria fera Perty 1833. It is generally similar to Cupiennius getazi Simon 1891, but lacks the spotted pattern on the ventral surface of the femora, together with other differences in genitalic morphology. Cupiennius salei Keyserling 1877 was also found on the same forest during the wet season, while C. chiapanensis appeared in the dry season. Adults of both species were never collected at the same time. This is also the first record of C. salei at the sea level, being previously considered a highland species.

Se describe Cupiennius chiapanensis nueva especie, la décima del género. Fue recolectada del manglar de la costa de Chiapas, México. La caracterıstica más notoria es la coloracion roja brillante de sus quelíceros, dada por una cubierta de sedas largas en el frente del quelícero. Esta coloración ha provocado que se le confunda con Phoneutria fera Perty 1833 en tres referencias que se documentan. En general, es similar a Cupiennius getazi Simon 1891, pero no exhibe el patrón moteado en la superficie ventral de los fe ́mures, además de otras diferencias en su estructura genital que se discuten. Se encontró también en el mismo bosque a Cupiennius salei Keyserling 1877 durante la época de lluvias, mientras que C. chiapanensis apareció durante la e ́poca de secas. Los adultos de ambas especies nunca fueron recolectados en la misma e ́poca. Este también es el primer registro de C. salei a nivel del mar, pues era considerada una especie de tierras altas.

10aCupiennius10aMangrove forest10anew species10ataxonomy10awandering spiders1 aMedina, Francisco, J uhttp://www.americanarachnology.org/JoA_free/JoA_v34_n1/arac-034-01-0135.pdf02618nas a2200157 4500008004100000245009100041210006900132300001200201490000700213520205800220653001502278100001602293700001702309700002402326856011002350 1985 eng d00aTaxonomische Revision der Gattung Cupiennius Simon 1891 (Arachnida: Araneae: Ctenidae)0 aTaxonomische Revision der Gattung Cupiennius Simon 1891 Arachnid a329-3720 v653 a

So far the genus Cupiennius is represented by 21 nominal species. All the type specimens available as well as further collected material, amounting to a total of 533 adult specimens, were examined. The characteristic features of the genus are: a) the presence of a third claw on the plantula, b) the presence of claw tufts, c) the shape of these claw tufts, d) the structure of the copulatory organs, and e) the circular shape of the anterior lateral eyes. Seven species could be distinguished morphologically. These are C. getazi, coccineus, salei, foliatus, granadensis, cubae and panamensis n. sp., which has been overlooked and is described here. Three species are excluded from the genus, which is justified on the basis of both their original descriptions as well as their places of origin. These species are: argentinus, celerrirnus and diploccllatus. The remaining species are distinguished mainly by the structure of their genital organs. These differ with respect to the terminal region of the d bulbi and the internal (dorsal) structure of the Y epigynae. In C. getazi the pattern formed by the folium and the coloration of the body are additional distinctive features. Characters previously used in the literature such as the distribution of spines on the legs, the size and the location of the eyes, the number and shape of the teeth on the chelicerae and the length ratio of the legs are of no value for the distinction of species. The species distinguished herein are to be regarded as morphospecies. Four of them, C. coccineus, salei, and getazi were successfully bred in the laboratory and have thus been shown to he biospecies. C. foliatus cry have been raised from the same cocoon. The genus clearly belongs to the family Ctenidae. In accordance with the classical typological assignment of the families this classification is based on the combined occurrence of a 3rd claw and claw tufts together with the specific distribution of the eyes and the structure of their retinae. The genus exclusively occurs in Central America.

10aCupiennius1 aLachmuth, U1 aGrasshoff, M1 aBarth, Friedrich, G uhttp://www.mediafire.com/view/fr1ad1lm5dh1ndc/Lachmuth1985Senkenbergiana_Cupiennius_revision_Ctenidae.pdf03563nas a2200205 4500008004100000245012300041210006900164300001200233490000700245520287200252653001503124653002003139653001103159653002603170100002403196700002103220700002703241700002703268856006203295 1988 eng d00aSpiders of the genus Cupiennius Simon 1891 (Araneae, Ctenidae). II. On the vibratory environment of a wandering spider0 aSpiders of the genus Cupiennius Simon 1891 Araneae Ctenidae II O a194-2010 v773 aCupiennius salei (Ctenidae) is a tropical wandering spider which lives in close association with a particular type of plant (see companion paper). These plants are the channels through which the spiders receive and emit various types of vibrations. We measured the vibrations the spiders are typically exposed to when they sit on their dwelling plants (banana plant, bromeliad) in their natural biotope in Central America. In addition a laboratory analysis was carried out to get an approximate idea of the complex vibration-propagating properties of the dwelling plants, taking a banana plant as an example. (1) Types of vibrations (Figs. 1 4). Despite variability in detail there are characteristic differences in spectral composition between the vibrations of various abiotic and biotic origins: (a) Vibrations due to wind are very low frequency phenomena. Their frequency spectra are conspicuously narrow with prominent peaks close to or, more often, below 10 Hz. Vibrations due to raindrops show maximal acceleration values at ca. 1000 Hz. Their frequency band at - 2 0 dB extends up to ca. 250 Hz whereas that of the vibrations due to wind extends to only ca. 50 Hz. (b)The frequency spectra of prey vibrations such as those generated by a running cockroach are typically broad-banded and contain high frequencies; they have largest peaks mostly between ca. 400 and 900 Hz. Their - 2 0 dB frequency bands usually extend from a few Hz to ca. 900 Hz. Some potential prey animals such as grasshoppers seem to be vibrocryptic; they walk by the spider as if unnoticed. Their "cautious" gait leads to only weak vibrations at very low frequencies resembling the background noise due to wind. Courtship signals are composed mainly of low frequencies, intermediate between background noise and prey vibrations (male: prominent peaks at ca. 75 Hz and ca. 115 Hz; female: dominant frequencies between ca. 20 Hz and ca. 50 Hz). The male signal is composed of "syllables" and differs from all other vibrations studied here by being temporally highly ordered. A comparison with previous electrophysiological studies suggests that the high pass characteristics of the vibration receptors enhance the signal-to-(abiotic)-noise ratio and that the vibraion-sensitive interneurons so far examined and found to have band pass characteristics are tuned to the frequencies found in the vibrations of biotic origin. (2) Signal propagation (Fig. 5). In terms of frequency-dependent attenuation of vibrations the banana plant is well suited for transmitting the above signals. Average attenuation values are ca. 0.35 dB/cm. Together with known data on vibration receptor sensitivity this explains the range of courtship signals of more than 1 m observed in behavioral studies. Attenuation in the plant is neither a monotonic function of frequency nor of distance from the signal source.10aCupiennius10asensory ecology10aSpider10aVibratory environment1 aBarth, Friedrich, G1 aBleckmann, Horst1 aBohnenberger, Johannes1 aSeyfarth, Ernst-August uhttp://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2FBF0037918602174nas a2200217 4500008004100000245015300041210006900194300001200263490000700275520144800282653001301730653001501743653001201758653002301770653001101793100002401804700002701828700002101855700002201876856005801898 1988 eng d00aSpiders of the genus Cupiennius Simon 1891 (Araneae, Ctenidae). I. Range distribution, dwelling plants, and climatic characteristics of the habitats0 aSpiders of the genus Cupiennius Simon 1891 Araneae Ctenidae I Ra a187-1930 v773 aCupiennius is a genus of hunting spiders with seven established species. One of these (C. salei) has been used in laboratory research for many years. Here we report on the geographic distribution of the genus and some char- acteristics of its habitat. (1) The genus is Central American. Its range is from the state of Veracruz in Mexico in the north to Panama in the south. Five of the seven species are known to occur in the Canal Area, Panama. Sympatry is best documented for C. getazi and C. coccineus and is likely to occur in other species. (2) All known species of Cupiennius are closely associated with particular plants on which they hide during the day and prey, court, and moult at night. The most typical dwelling plant such as a bromeliad or a banana plant is a monocotyledon with mechanically strong and unbranched leaves that provide retreats at their bases. On plants not providing "ready-made" shelters, such as ginger or members of the Araceae, several species of Cupiennius have been observed to build retreats. (3) Average monthly rainfall and temperature data are given for six locations where we have recently observed C. coccineus, C. getazi, C. panamensis, and C. salei. According to measurements taken in the field the microclimate within a typical retreat differs considerably from the external environment: during the day the retreat space shows lower average water evaporation rates and higher relative air humidity.10aCtenidae10aCupiennius10aHabitat10aRange distribution10aSpider1 aBarth, Friedrich, G1 aSeyfarth, Ernst-August1 aBleckmann, Horst1 aSchüch, Wolfgang uhttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF0037918502384nas a2200145 4500008004100000245008100041210006900122300001200191490000700203520189400210653001502104100002402119700001902143856007602162 1998 eng d00aCupiennius remedius new species (Araneae, Ctenidae), and a key for the genus0 aCupiennius remedius new species Araneae Ctenidae and a key for t a133-1410 v263 aA new representative of the neotropical genus Cupiennius Simon 1891 (Araneae, Ctenidae) was found in the highlands of central Guatemala. Cupiennius remedius new species is the ninth species established for the genus. Like all other species of Cupiennius, C. remedius is a hunting spider living in close association with monocotyledonous plants where it hides in a retreat during the day and is active at night. C. remedius is of medium size (carapace length ca.8 mm) compared to the other species of the genus and is the only Cupiennius species known to live sympatrically with C. salei. Live animals show a spotted coloration pattern unusual for the genus. The distinctive features of the male bulbi and female epigyna are described and an example is given of the species-specific courtship vibrations. In addition, we provide a revised key for the genus Cupiennius. Hemos encontrado un nuevo representante del genero neotropical Cupiennius Simon 1891 (Araneae, Ctenidae) en las regions montafiosas del centro de Guatemala. Cupiennius remedius nueva especie es la novena especie establecida para el genero. Como todas las otras especies de Cupiennius, C. remedius es una arafia cazadora que vive en estrecha asociacion con plantas monocotiledoneas, en las que se oculta durante el dia en un refugio y es activa durante la noche. En comparacion con las otras especies del genero, C. remedius es de tamafio intermedio (alrededor de 8 mm de longitud del caparazon) y es la unica especie de Cupiennius que se sabe que vive en simpatria con C. salei. Los animales vivos presentan un patron de coloracion manchado que no es habitual en el genero. Describimos las caracteristicas distin- tivas de los bulbos de los machos y de los epiginos de las hembras e incluimos un ejemplo de las vibraciones de cortejo especificas de la especie . Ademas, incluimos una slave revisada del genero Cupiennius.10aCupiennius1 aBarth, Friedrich, G1 aCordes, Detlev uhttp://www.americanarachnology.org/JoA_free/JoA_v26_n2/JoA_v26_p133.pdf02472nas a2200181 4500008004100000245011300041210006900154300001200223490000700235520184900242653001502091653002002106653001602126653001302142653002202155100003302177856008002210 2006 eng d00aA new species of Cupiennius (Araneae, Ctenidae) coexisting with Cupiennius salei in a Mexican magrove forest0 anew species of Cupiennius Araneae Ctenidae coexisting with Cupie a135-1410 v343 aThe new species Cupiennius chapanensis is described from a mangrove forest in the coastal regions of Chiapas, México. The most noticeable characteristic of the species is the bright red coloration of the chelicerae, given by a covering of long setae on the anterior surface; because of this coloration, it has been previously confused with Phoneutria fera Perty 1833. It is generally similar to Cupiennius getazi Simon 1891, but lacks the spotted pattern on the ventral surface of the femora, together with other differences in genitalic morphology. Cupiennius salei Keyserling 1877 was also found on the same forest during the wet season, while C. chiapanensis appeared in the dry season. Adults of both species were never collected at the same time. This is also the first record of C. salei at the sea level, being previously considered a highland species. Se describe Cupiennius chiapanensis nueva especie, la décima del género. Fue recolectada del manglar de la costa de Chiapas, México. La caracter{\'ıstica más notoria es la coloración roja brillante de sus quelı´ceros, dada por una cubierta de sedas largas en el frente del quel{\'ıcero. Esta coloración ha provocado que se le confunda con Phoneutria fera Perty 1833 en tres referencias que se documentan. En general, es similar a Cupiennius getazi Simon 1891, pero no exhibe el patrón moteado en la superficie ventral de los fémures, además de otras diferencias en su estructura genital que se discuten. Se encontró también en el mismo bosque a Cupiennius salei Keyserling 1877 durante la e´poca de lluvias, mientras que C. chiapanensis apareció durante la época de secas. Los adultos de ambas especies nunca fueron recolectados en la misma e´poca. Este también es el primer registro de C. salei a nivel del mar, pues era considerada una especie de tierras altas.10aCupiennius10aMangrove forest10anew species10ataxonomy10awandering spiders1 aSoriano, Francisco, J Medina uhttp://www.americanarachnology.org/JoA_free/JoA_v34_n1/arac-034-01-0135.pdf